The alternator is one of the systems used to generate electricity from passenger energy in vehicles. The alternator is based on Michael Faraday's electromagnetic induction principle that when magnetic field lines are dissociated by a conductor, an electric current is induced in that conductor.
The main parts of the alternator are:
1. Frame
2. Stator
3. Rotor
4. Rectifier
5. Slip rings
6. Brushes -etc.
Working:
The stator is the immobile part of the alternator. The rotor is the moving magnet part. The power transmitted to the alternator will be AC. The rectifier is a system that is configured with an alternator to convert it to DC.
The rectifier is mounted next to the engine. The rotation from the crankshaft is transmitted to the alternator using the belt and pulley.
The rotor is an electromagnet, not a permanent magnet. Power is given by turning the rotor into a magnet. The slip ring and brushes help with this.
When the engine rotation is transferred to the alternator, the rotor moves and the magnetic field lines are generated according to the power supplied to the rotor by brushes and slip rings. Transferring.
Important parts
Frame (body)
The frame is made of magnetic metal or its alloys. Its advantage is that it does not absorb the magnetic field as it is a magnetic metal. Also the high thermal conductivity protects the alternator from overheating quickly.
Stator
Stator coils are windings located on the inside of the frame. Stator - There is no direct connection between the rotor windings and there is an air gap between them.
The stator usually has three sets of windings, from which power is generated.
Rotor
The rotor is the rotating part of the alternator. These are two parts. Cylindrical core and rotor winding wrapped around the core.
The triangular pole fingers alternate between the north and south poles as current flows into the rotor.
The resulting magnetic flex is amplified by stator windings to form the emf.
Slip rings
If the rotating rotor coil is to be magnetized, power must be supplied to the rotor windings, the sliding ring being the supporting part.
Brush.
Brushes are the part that transfers power to the slip ring. The brushes are attached to the brush holders with the help of springs. The brushes are made of carbon.
Rectifier.
AC power is induced in the stator windings when the alternator is running. Direct current (DC) is ideal for storing on battery and running other devices. Therefore, rectifiers made of electronics components such as diodes are used to convert AC to DC.
Although there are many different types of rectifiers, alternators use full-wave rectifiers that allow the maximum AC power generated by the alternator to be transferred to DC.
Features of the alternator
1. The battery is charged even at the minimum rotation (RPM) of the engine.
2. Light weight and size.
3. Low maintenance and simple construction.
4. Long life period.
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